My daugther explained to me that in her class (she's 9) delegates are chosen by a lottery organized by the teacher, for terms of 1 month. I asked her whether she thought it is a good idea as compared to an election. She said "of course" (her parents taught her common sense from day 1): "otherwise each would vote only for her friends." LSE economist Tim Besley agrees with my daughter. In the article "Political Selection" (2005), he wrote (there are also many other interesting things in the article): "For a period of time, ancient Athens filled seats on its legislative
council by drawing lots from among its citizens. Each citizen
served for one year and there was a restriction to two terms in a lifetime. The
Greeks understood the downside of this method in terms of ensuring good politicians.
They did impose safeguards in the form of a kind of confirmation hearing in
which the character and competence of the selected candidate was scrutinized.
However, the basic premise behind selection by lot is that civic virtue was
widely distributed in the population, so that random selection made it
relatively unlikely that anyone picked by the lottery would be a bad
politician. Selection by lot was deemed preferable to elections for three main
reasons. First, it guaranteed rotation in office, so that politicians were
guaranteed to experience both political and everyday life. Second, selection by
lot guaranteed the widest possible access to public office and hence was viewed
as egalitarian. Third, lots seemed more likely to maintain a unity of purpose
in the community, while elections increased the chance that citizens would
group into factions. The use of lottery makes a lot of sense in a relatively
homogenous city states such as Athens. For similar reasons, lotteries were also
used in the Italian city states of Venice and Florence." Of course, there are downsides, but do not apply to my daughter's class: "However, even political
thinkers such as Montesquieu and Rousseau who took the idea of political
selection by lot seriously in their writings ultimately favored elections,
principally because they believed that elections helped in the selection of a natural aristocracy of the talented and virtuous. After
all, selection by lot does not favor those with greater political competence
over those with less. This view heavily influenced the founding fathers of the United States,
who similarly saw the task of political selection as selecting a ruling class
that was different from the citizens at large -- superior in their talents and
mental capacities. Indeed the term “natural aristocracy” originates with Thomas
Jefferson (1813), in a letter written to John Adams. Jefferson wrote: “I agree
with you that there is a natural aristocracy among men. The grounds of this are
virtue and talents. … May we not even say, that that form of government is the
best, which provides the most effectually for a pure selection of these natural
aristoi into the offices of government?” Jefferson continues to argue
that he favors laws to break up large inheritances and support public education
as methods of creating a situation in which the natural aristocracy can rise
and be selected." While we wait for the breakup of inheritances, instead of a natural aristoi we run the risk of having someone from the Republican Party ticket elected as President of the USA.
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